The number of homeless students in New York City public schools reached a grim new record during the 2023-24 academic year amid the arrival of tens of thousands of migrant families, according to an analysis published Monday.

Data from the nonprofit Advocates for Children of New York found 146,000 public school students were homeless during that school year, a 22% increase from the 119,320 homeless students the year prior. The new tally means that 1 in 8 students across the system were homeless, a count that includes children who lived in shelters or were doubled up in apartments with other families.

The city’s affordability crisis has led to a surge of children living in transitional housing, and the influx of migrant families has pushed that number even higher. The city does not track students’ immigration status, but a city comptroller analysis suggests there were roughly 50,000 migrant families with children in city shelters this past summer.

“Our students who are experiencing homelessness are among our most vulnerable, and it is a continued priority at New York City Public Schools to provide them with the support and resources they need to succeed in school,” education department spokesperson Chyann Tull said in a statement.

The data shows the number of children in transitional housing increased in every school district across the city, but the problem was especially concentrated in Upper Manhattan, the southwest Bronx, and parts of northeast and central Brooklyn.

“It is unconscionable that year after year tens of thousands of students in this city don’t have a permanent home,” said Jennifer Pringle, a project director at Advocates for Children. “While the city works to help families find permanent housing it must also focus more attention on helping students succeed in school. School can be the key to breaking the cycle of homelessness.”

Read More: The Gothamist